Porosity is a measure of how easily your hair absorbs water. It is very much related to damage, with healthy normal hair having smooth unbroken cuticles that resist water, and damaged hair having porous cuticles that absorb water easily. The "cup test" is inaccurate and should not be used to determine your porosity. Luckily on a scientific level, porosity can be roughly determined by a few simple questions
Is your hair dyed, bleached, highlighted, permed, relaxed, or otherwise chemically treated?